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Introduced fishes --- Introduced fishes --- Aquatic organisms --- Aquatic organisms --- Seismic wave propagation. --- Effect of water waves on --- Effect of water waves on
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Introduced fishes --- Introduced fishes --- Aquatic organisms --- Aquatic organisms --- Seismic wave propagation. --- Effect of water waves on --- Effect of water waves on
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Seismic waves --- Seismology --- -Shear waves --- Distortional waves --- Rotational waves --- S waves --- Secondary waves --- Transverse waves --- Waves, Distortional --- Waves, Rotational --- Waves, S --- Waves, Secondary --- Waves, Shear --- Waves, Transverse --- Elastic waves --- Seismography --- Geophysics --- Earthquakes --- Waves, Seismic --- Shear waves --- Seismic velocity --- Seismic wave velocity --- Speed
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Seismic waves - generated both by natural earthquakes and by man-made sources - have produced an enormous amount of information about the Earth's interior. In classical seismology, the Earth is modeled as a sequence of uniform horizontal layers (or spherical shells) having different elastic properties and one determines these properties from travel times and dispersion of seismic waves. The Earth, however, is not made of horizontally uniform layers, and classic seismic methods can take large-scale inhomogeneities into account. Smaller-scale irregularities, on the other hand, require other methods. Observations of continuous wave trains that follow classic direct S waves, known as coda waves, have shown that there are heterogeneities of random size scattered randomly throughout the layers of the classic seismic model. This book focuses on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering through the randomly heterogeneous structure of the Earth, with emphasis on the lithosphere. The presentation combines information from many sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials and includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. The second edition especially includes new observational facts such as the spatial variation of medium inhomogeneities and the temporal change in scattering characteristics and recent theoretical developments in the envelope synthesis in random media for the last ten years. Mathematics is thoroughly rewritten for improving the readability. Written for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students of geophysics or planetary sciences, this book should also be of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
Engineering. --- Geography. --- Geophysics. --- Physical geography. --- Seismic waves -- Scattering. --- Seismology. --- Seismic waves --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Physics --- Geology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Cosmic Physics --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Seismic wave propagation --- Scattering. --- Seismic waves. --- Wave-motion, Theory of. --- Undulatory theory --- Waves, Seismic --- Earth sciences. --- System theory. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Complex Systems. --- Engineering, general. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Elastic waves --- Mechanics --- Statistical physics. --- Mathematical statistics --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Geography --- Statistical methods --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences
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Focusing on recent developments in the area of seismic wave propagation and scattering, this text combines information from numerous sources to present a coherent introduction to the theory of scattering in acoustic and elastic materials. With the emphasis firmly on the lithosphere, the book includes analyses of observations using the theoretical methods developed. Written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates of geophysics and planetary sciences, this is also of interest to civil engineers, seismologists, acoustical engineers, and others interested in wave propagation through inhomogeneous elastic media.
Geophysics. --- Seismic waves --Scattering. --- Seismology. --- Seismic waves --- Seismology --- Geophysics --- Geology --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Cosmic Physics --- Scattering --- Seismic wave propagation. --- Seismic waves. --- Wave-motion, Theory of. --- Undulatory theory --- Waves, Seismic --- Earth sciences. --- System theory. --- Engineering. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Complex Systems. --- Engineering, general. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Mechanics --- Elastic waves --- Physical geography. --- Statistical physics. --- Mathematical statistics --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Geography --- Statistical methods --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences
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Can we predict cataclysmic disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or stock market crashes? The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 claimed more than 200,000 lives. Hurricane Katrina killed over 1,800 people and devastated the city of New Orleans. The recent global financial crisis has cost corporations and ordinary people around the world billions of dollars. Megadisasters is a book that asks why catastrophes such as these catch us by surprise, and reveals the history and groundbreaking science behind efforts to forecast major disasters and minimize their destruction. Each chapter of this exciting and eye-opening book explores a particular type of cataclysmic event and the research surrounding it, including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, rapid climate change, collisions with asteroids or comets, pandemics, and financial crashes. Florin Diacu tells the harrowing true stories of people impacted by these terrible events, and of the scientists racing against time to predict when the next big disaster will strike. He describes the mathematical models that are so critical to understanding the laws of nature and foretelling potentially lethal phenomena, the history of modeling and its prospects for success in the future, and the enormous challenges to scientific prediction posed by the chaos phenomenon, which is the high instability that underlies many processes around us. Yielding new insights into the perils that can touch every one of us, Megadisasters shows how the science of predicting disasters holds the promise of a safer and brighter tomorrow.
Natural disasters --- Disasters --- Forecasting. --- 1918 flu pandemic. --- 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. --- 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. --- A Brief History of Time. --- Aircraft. --- Astronomer. --- Astronomy. --- Avian influenza. --- Biologist. --- Calculation. --- Carbon dioxide. --- Catastrophe theory. --- Celestial mechanics. --- Chaos theory. --- Climate change. --- Climate model. --- Climate. --- Climatology. --- Cloud. --- Computation. --- Crust (geology). --- Cyclone. --- Detonation. --- Dictatorship. --- Didier Sornette. --- Differential equation. --- Disaster. --- Disease. --- Dow Jones & Company. --- Earthquake location. --- Earthquake prediction. --- Epicenter. --- Epidemic. --- Epidemiology. --- Evaporation. --- Financial crisis. --- Foreshock. --- Geologist. --- Geology. --- Geophysics. --- Global warming. --- Greenhouse gas. --- Humidity. --- Hurricane Elena. --- Hurricane Hugo. --- Impact crater. --- Impact event. --- Indian Ocean. --- Inflation. --- Influenza. --- Instability. --- Investor. --- Kerry Emanuel. --- Limit set. --- Markus Brunnermeier. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Measurement. --- Meteorite. --- Meteorology. --- Minor planet. --- Natural disaster. --- Near-Earth object. --- Ocean current. --- Orbit of Mars. --- Physicist. --- Plate tectonics. --- Pollution. --- Prediction. --- Princeton University Press. --- Probability. --- Quantity. --- Recession. --- Result. --- Richter magnitude scale. --- Scientist. --- Seismic wave. --- Seismology. --- Share price. --- Stephen Hawking. --- Stock exchange. --- Stock market crash. --- Stock market. --- Storm surge. --- Symptom. --- Thunderstorm. --- Tropical cyclone. --- Tsunami. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Typhoon. --- United States Geological Survey. --- Vaccine. --- Volcano. --- Water vapor. --- Weather balloon. --- Weather forecasting. --- Weather. --- World War II. --- Year.
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Earthquake and Volcano Deformation is the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers.Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world.Earthquake and Volcano Deformation requires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering. Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: http://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html
Rock deformation --- Strains and stresses --- Volcanism. --- Earthquakes. --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Mathematical models. --- Volcanism --- Earthquakes --- Volcanisme --- Tremblements de terre --- Déformations (Mécanique) --- Mathematical models --- Deformations (Mechanics). --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models. --- Rock deformation -- Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models. --- Strains and stresses -- Mathematical models. --- Volcanicity --- Vulcanism --- Stresses and strains --- Elastic solids --- Mechanics --- Rheology --- Structural failures --- Quakes (Earthquakes) --- Earth movements --- Natural disasters --- Seismology --- Geodynamics --- Volcanology --- Architectural engineering --- Engineering, Architectural --- Architecture --- Flexure --- Statics --- Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Elasticity --- Engineering design --- Graphic statics --- Strength of materials --- Stress waves --- Structural design --- Deformation, Rock --- Geology, Structural --- Rock deformation - Mathematical models --- Strains and stresses - Mathematical models --- 1906 San Francisco earthquake. --- 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. --- 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. --- 1992 Landers earthquake. --- 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. --- Active fault. --- Atmospheric refraction. --- Cauchy stress tensor. --- Compressive stress. --- Continental collision. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Crust (geology). --- Deformation (engineering). --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Deformation monitoring. --- Dike (geology). --- Dislocation. --- Displacement field (mechanics). --- Earthquake prediction. --- Earthquake rupture. --- Earthquake swarm. --- Elasticity (physics). --- Explosive eruption. --- Fault (geology). --- Fault friction. --- Figure of the Earth. --- Fracture mechanics. --- Fracture toughness. --- Fracture zone. --- Fracture. --- Friction. --- Geodetic datum. --- Geologic time scale. --- Geothermal gradient. --- Gravitational acceleration. --- Gravitational potential. --- Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. --- Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. --- Infinitesimal strain theory. --- Intraplate earthquake. --- Lava dome. --- Lava lake. --- Lava. --- Long Valley Caldera. --- Magma chamber. --- Magnetic anomaly. --- Melting point. --- Mount St. Helens. --- Nucleation. --- Orogeny. --- Oscillation. --- Parkfield earthquake. --- Plane stress. --- Plate tectonics. --- Porosity. --- Pressure gradient. --- Radiation stress. --- Resurgent dome. --- Rift zone. --- Rock (geology). --- Rock mechanics. --- San Andreas Fault. --- Seafloor spreading. --- Seismic gap. --- Seismic hazard. --- Seismic moment. --- Seismic risk. --- Seismic tomography. --- Seismic wave. --- Seismology. --- Shear modulus. --- Shear stress. --- Shear zone. --- Shearing (physics). --- Shield volcano. --- Strain energy. --- Strain rate. --- Stratovolcano. --- Stress concentration. --- Stress functions. --- Stress intensity factor. --- Subduction. --- Subsidence. --- Surface energy. --- Surface gravity. --- Surface stress. --- Tectonophysics. --- Tension (physics). --- Thermal expansion. --- Thrust fault. --- Traction (engineering). --- Transform fault. --- Types of volcanic eruptions. --- Vibration. --- Viscoelasticity. --- Volcanic hazards. --- Volcanic pipe. --- Volcano. --- Wavenumber. --- Yield (engineering).
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